SLOW
AND FAST OXIDATION
by
Lawrence Wilson, MD
© Revised July 2008, The Center For Development
Metabolic
typing is a central concept in hair analysis interpretation and the science of
nutritional balancing. There are
many systems of metabolic typing.
These include the ancient Chinese 5-element theory, the yin-yang
classification and the triune Ayurvedic and Indian methods of classifying
people.
This article focuses on a more modern biochemical
classification that is not unlike yin and yang in some ways. It is based on certain mineral
ratios.
This system was entirely developed by Dr. Paul C. Eck, a
mineral research and physician who lived in Phoenix, Arizona for most of his
adult life and founded analytical Research Laboratories, one of the major hair
mineral testing labs.
Other Oxidation Type Assessments Possible. Other methods of determining the oxidation rate are used by
a small number of physicians.
These include blood tests, questionnaires and others.
I want to make clear that everything written in this article
and others on this website regarding the oxidation rate and oxidation types
pertains to Dr. Paul EckÕs method of assessment. Thus one cannot use another method of determining the
oxidation rate and expect that the information here will apply.
Indeed, several people were tested by the different methods
of oxidation assessment and were found to have very different oxidation types
using these methods.
Dr. Eck was concerned with the functioning of major
endocrine glands, the thyroid and adrenal glands. This, in turn, is controlled largely by the sympathetic
nervous system that is mediated through the pituitary and hypothalamus glands
in the brain.
Simplicity, Not Perfection. The system referred to here is simple. That is its virtue. It is not perfect, however. There are mixed states, for example.
There is also a sub-oxidation state that we call four low
electrolytes, as
revealed on a hair tissue mineral analysis in which the hair has not been washed
at the laboratory. This is a state
of disconnect between the pituitary and hypothalmus and the target glands, the
thyroid and adrenal glands mainly.
It is discussed in detail in another article on this website, Four Low Electrolytes.
A
SHORT HISTORY OF THE OXIDATION TYPES
The term
Ôoxidation typesÕ was coined by George Watson, PhD, a researcher at UCLA. He wrote a fascinating book entitled, Nutrition
and Your Mind,
and a second book entitled, Personality Strength and Psychochemical
Energy. These are out of print but available through used book
outlets including Amazon.com. They
are extremely readable and fascinating.
Dr. Watson discovered two major metabolic types, first by
using odor tests and later by using blood tests. He found that the blood pH of fast oxidizers was slightly
more acidic than that of slow oxidizers.
He also found other differences in standard blood tests, such as the CO2
levels.
He also found that certain foods and nutrients benefited
each metabolic type. He was able
to correct the oxidation rate using diet and supplementary nutrients. This simple treatment often caused dramatic
improvements in both his clientÕs physical and emotional symptoms. This is as far as Dr. Watson went in
his research, to the best of my knowledge.
Dr. Paul C. Eck was a physician and hair analysis researcher
who was my mentor. He was a
brilliant gentleman who read medical texts continuously and used hair mineral
analysis as his clinical research tool.
He developed the science of hair mineral analysis interpretation far
beyond anyone else I am aware of.
Dr. Eck was thrilled to discover Dr. WatsonÕs oxidation
concepts. It helped him make sense
of hair mineral tests and opened the way for a scientific method of
interpretation of this test and much more.
Dr. Eck made another startling correlation, this time
between the oxidation types and the stages of stress, as elucidated by Dr. Hans
Selye, MD. Dr. Eck did not write
any books and I wrote about his work in Nutritional Balancing And Hair
Mineral Analysis. Dr. Eck also did not publish any
scientific articles, as his forte was not writing or editing.
Dr. SelyeÕs work on stress is monumental, but largely
ignored. In part this is because
it was very hard to apply clinically.
Dr. Eck, however, found that the stage of stress, or at least an aspect
of body chemistry related to it, could be assessed easily and rapidly with a
hair tissue mineral analysis.
Dr. Selye wrote The Stress of Life and several other works such as Calciphylaxis. He used words like homeostasis and elaborated what he called
the General Adaptation Syndrome. This is
ground-breaking work about how organisms always respond to stress. It involves the sympathetic nervous system,
the adrenal and thyroid glands and much more.
He outlines exactly how an animal or human being responds to
stress in an orderly way, passing through three stages that he called Alarm,
Resistance and Exhaustion. Selye
further elaborates, however, the biochemistry of each stage of stress.
Dr. Eck was able to see that this is why Dr. Watson got
results with particular foods and supplementary nutrients on his clients. It was because Watson was addressing
the individual needs of the client in terms of the clientsÕ stages of stress
and the condition specifically of the adrenal and thyroid glands and the
hypothalamic-pituitary axis, also called the HPA axis.
CORRELATING
STAGES OF STRESS WITH OXIDATION TYPES
Essentially, fast and slow oxidation are ways that the body
responds to stress. The stress may
be from within, such as nutrient deficiencies or fatigue.
Stress may also arise from a multitude of external
sources. Basically, slow
oxidation correlates with a resistance or exhaustion stage of stress. Fast oxidation corresponds to an alarm stage of stress.
Dr. Eck spent a number of years attempting to determine the
best way to assess these stages or types, using hair mineral analysis. After considerable experimentation, he
settled on two mineral ratios for this determination.
Very importantly, he also figured out that the hair must not
be washed at the laboratory in order to make a more accurate determination of
the oxidation type or stage of stress.
This is a vital point, since most hair mineral laboratories in the
United States and most around the world wash the hair in powerful detergents,
alcohol, water or solvents. Only
two laboratories do not wash the hair, Analytical Research Laboratories that
Dr. Eck founded, and Trace Elements, Inc., founded by a student of Dr. Eck.
DEFINITIONS OF THE
OXIDATION TYPE AND THE OXIDATION RATE
Fast oxidation is defined on a properly performed hair mineral analysis
when the calcium/potassium ratio less than about 4 AND when the sodium/magnesium
ratio greater than about 4.17. The
lower the calcium/potassium ratio or the higher the sodium/magnesium ratio, the
faster the oxidation rate.
Slow oxidation is defined as a calcium/potassium ratio greater than about
4 and a sodium/magnesium ratio less than about 4.17. The higher the calcium/potassium ratio or the lower the
sodium/magnesium ratio, the slower the oxidation rate.
FACTORS
THAT CAN SKEW THE READINGS
Hair tissue mineral tests can unfortunately be affected by
many factors. These are important
in some cases, though not that important in most cases. These factors include the presence of
excessive toxic metals, nutritional deficiencies, infections, illnesses or
stress from any source. Emotional
and lifestyle factors such as lack of rest and sleep, stimulant use and the use
of prescription or over-the-counter medications.
Importance of Lifestyle. For this reason, the first few hair analyses may yield
temporary or even superficial patterns related to the condition of body
chemistry. After several months to
more than a year of nutritional balancing, the hair mineral patterns often
change dramatically.
We always wish to get through the superficial patterns in
the fastest possible manner. To do
this, one must address all aspects
of a personÕs body chemistry, diet, eating habits and other lifestyle factors
as well.
Otherwise, these factors usually stand in the way of
understanding the deeper layers of body chemistry. This is why I emphasize the importance of correcting the
diet, eating habits, rest habits and other lifestyle factors when beginning a
nutritional balancing program.
Now we will address the specific changes in body chemistry
that occur with each of the major oxidation types or stages of stress.
Fast oxidation or an alarm stage of stress is characterized
by excessive activity of the thyroid and adrenal glands. More adrenal activity and thus a higher
level of aldosterone raises the hair or soft tissue sodium and potassium
levels.
One result of this excessive adrenal and thyroid activity
are lower hair tissue levels of calcium and magnesium. Essentially, increased solubility of
calcium and magnesium occur when the sodium and potassium levels rise. Sodium and potassium are highly water-soluble
and antagonistic to calcium and magnesium.
Serum mineral levels may, but usually do not correspond to
the levels of these minerals in the hair.
This is because the serum mineral levels are very sensitive to any variations,
so the body often keeps them extremely stable. Much greater variation is seen in the hair levels,
however. Also, hair is a storage
and excretory tissue. Minerals
that the body is deficient in are ÒstolenÓ or not permitted into the hair. Minerals that are in excess in the
blood are often pushed off or stored in non-essential soft tissues such as the
hair.
FAST
OXIDATION/ALARM STAGE AS VIEWED ON A HAIR TISSUE MINERAL ANALYSIS
On a hair mineral analysis, the pattern of fast oxidation
is one of lowered calcium and magnesium levels, along with elevated levels of
sodium and potassium. This is very easy to read on a test
from Analytical Research Laboratories, which has calibrated scales and simple
vertical graphs. The pattern often
looks like two low numbers followed by two high numbers.
SYMPATHETIC
TONE AND FAST OXIDATION
Fast oxidizers also have significant sympathetic nervous
system tone. This, in part, accounts for their
increased adrenal and thyroid glandular activity. Sympathetic nervous activity stimulates the activity of
these two sets of glands.
Understanding the relationship of the sympathetic nervous system with
the glandular system is essential for a correct interpretation of the hair tissue
test and for understanding many health conditions.
Fast oxidizers are in an early stage of stress in which
their sympathetic nervous system is responding excessively. They are in a fight-or-flight mode too
much of the time, which uses up many nutrients and leads to a set of symptoms
and illnesses associated with this metabolic type.
In slow oxidation, the activity of the adrenal and thyroid
glands decreases. The glands
themselves and at times the sympathetic nervous system are both basically
depleted of nutrients and do not function well. In part for this reason, slow oxidation is related to a parasympathetic
state of body chemistry with less fight-or-flight activity. In almost all cases, the sympathetic nervous system is
exhausted and the person moves into a parasympathetic state by default.
There is a common situation, however, which we call sympathetic
dominance. In this common condition, the person is
still attempting to use the sympathetic nervous system all the time. However, the body is exhausted and can
no longer respond strongly. As a
result, the person stays tired and often ill, because excessive sympathetic
stimulation blocks or inhibits the activity of the immune system, digestive
system, elimination system and other vital organs and systems needed for
recovery of health.
This is a very important distinction that I have added to
Dr. EckÕs wealth of knowledge regarding hair analysis interpretation. It is displayed on a properly performed
hair tissue mineral test that has not been washed at the laboratory as a
potassium levels greater than 1 and less than about 5 mg%. When the potassium is 1 mg% (10 parts
per million) or below, the situation is quite critical. Sympathetic dominance is discussed more
in an article on this website, Autonomic Balance.
Slow oxidation, especially when the rate is very slow, is an
exhaustion stage of stress, according to Dr. SelyeÕs stress theory of disease.
Tissue sodium, you will recall, correlates well with the
activity of aldosterone, an adrenal hormone. Thus, on a hair mineral analysis, slow oxidizers have low
levels of sodium and potassium.
Calcium and magnesium rise in the hair as the tissue sodium level
decreases. This occurs, in part, due to reduced
solubility of calcium that results when the tissue sodium level is low.
Mixed oxidation is said to be present when the
calcium/potassium ratio is greater than 4 and the sodium/magnesium ratio is
greater than 4.17. Alternatively,
the calcium/potassium ratio may be less than 4 and the sodium/magnesium ratio
less than 4.17.
We use the terms fast-mixed oxidation when the key ratios tend
more toward fast oxidation. When
they tend more toward slow oxidation, we call it slow-mixed oxidation. Mixed oxidation is a temporary state that will change to
fast or slow oxidation when one follows a nutritional balancing program.
Mixed oxidation can be the hardest pattern to read and
understand at first glance. With
practice, however, it becomes easier and clearer to see the major
patterns. It is often helpful in
these cases to calculate of check the lower left hand corner of the graph page
for the calcium/potassium ratio, which is also the thyroid ratio. Also check the sodium/magnesium ratio
or adrenal ratio. This will give a
lot more information to help interpret mixed oxidation.
Assessing Fast and Slow Mixed Oxidation. Mixed oxidizers are classified by the Analytical Research
Labs computer into fast mixed oxidation and slow mixed oxidation. The definitions of these are:
Fast mixed oxidation. The
calcium/potassium ratio must less than the sodium/magnesium ratio, roughly.
Slow Mixed Oxidtaion. The
calcium/potassium ratio is greater than the sodium/magnesium ratio.
While the mathematics may not be crystal clear from these
definitions, what it works out to is that if the ratio that is showing fast
oxidation is proportionally faster than the other ratio is slow, then it is
called a fast mixed oxidizer. If
the ratio that is slow is proportionally slower than the other ratio is fast,
then it is called a slow mixed oxidizer.
This calculation is necessary in mixed oxidation in order to
decide whether to give a fast oxidizer program or a slow oxidizer program to
these individuals.
HOW
THE OXIDATION TYPES AFFECT THE BODY
1.
Frequency of Bowel Movements.
Increased metabolic activity is associated with increased peristaltic
activity and hence more frequent bowel movements in the fast oxidizer. Fast oxidizers may have more than one
bowel movement per day. One or
fewer movements per day is commonly associated with slow oxidation.
2.
Dry or Oily Skin and Hair. Increased
metabolic activity is associated with increased activity of the sebaceous and
oil glands of the skin and scalp.
This tends to cause more a greater tendency for oily skin and hair in
the fast oxidizer. Slow oxidizers
are more prone to dry skin and dry hair.
Also
fast oxidizers tend to have a more watery appearance of their skin, and poorer
muscle definition for this reason.
Slow oxidizers may have better muscle definition and dryer appearance to
their skin.
Also,
fast oxidizers often have a more ruddy complexion. This may be due to higher blood pressure, use of alcohol or
better circulation in the skin.
This is true even though the sympathetic nervous system tends to move
blood inward, away from the periphery of the body. However, many slow oxidizers are still in a sympathetic
dominant condition described elsewhere, in which their sympathetic system is in
fact even more active than in many fast oxidizers. This causes poor circulation to the extremities.
3.
Blood Circulation. An increased rate of
metabolism in the fast oxidizer is associated with enhanced blood circulation,
and correlates with a tendency to warmer hands and feet, even in cold
weather. Slow oxidation is
commonly associated with impaired circulation and a tendency for cold hands and
feet.
4.
Food Cravings. Food cravings can
express the body's desire to balance chemistry. Fast oxidizers tend to crave fats, butter and red meat,
foods which slow the metabolic rate. They may also crave sweets or
carbohydrates if they do not eat enough fats and oils. Slow oxidation is associated with
chronic low blood sugar. There is
a tendency for sweet cravings and at times salt cravings, as the body does not
retain sodium and potassium as well in slow oxidation, due to impaired adrenal
glandular activity. (low aldosterone).
5.
Blood Pressure. Fast oxidation is
associated with increased vascular (sympathetic) tone, and sodium retention due
to elevated aldosterone levels. These frequently result in a blood pressure of
120/80 or greater. Fast oxidizers
are also more prone to labile or changing high blood pressure. This is because greater sympathetic
nervous system activity will cause momentary constriction of the arteries due
to fatigue, emotional upset or other stressors. Healthy slow oxidizers tend to have blood pressures of
120/80 or lower. This is due to weaker vascular tone, and/or low sodium levels
which cause a reduced blood volume and blood pressure. However, slow oxidizers are prone to
hardening of the arteries, as are fast oxidizers. This can cause high blood pressure later in life, in particular.
6.
Sweating. Enhanced metabolic activity increases
the generation of heat in body tissues. This is associated with increased
sweating in the fast oxidizer.
Slow oxidizers generally sweat less, and many hardly sweat at all.
7.
Mood. In fast oxidation, all metabolic
processes speed up, including mental functioning. This can result in a tendency
to anxiety, irritability, nervousness, or jitteriness. Slower mental activity in the slow
oxidizer, on the other hand, causes a tendency for sluggishness, lethargy,
apathy, and depression. Very slow
oxidation is associated with despair, brain fog and confusion.
8.
Energy level. A fast metabolic
rate, within certain limits, is associated with higher energy levels than is a
slow oxidation rate. Fatigue and lethargy can be experienced by both types, but
is more common with slow oxidation.
9.
Animal Protein Preference. Fast oxidizers
require more fat, and tend to prefer red meats to other meats, as they contain
a higher percentage of fat. Fast
oxidizers may also prefer the high-purine proteins such as sardines, anchovies
and organ meats. Slow oxidizers
tend to prefer chicken, fish, or vegetarian proteins because these low-fat
sources of protein speed up and normalize the slow oxidizers' metabolic
rate. They are also easier to
digest as they contain less fat.
They also contain somewhat less etheric energy and thus have a lower
dynamic action than the red meats.
10.
Body Shape. Classically, the
fast oxidizer corresponds to a more ÔCushinoidÕ body shape, so named after an
illness called CushingÕs disease.
The person is not as tall, and is broad in the middle.
This is sometimes called the apple-shaped
body. The legs and arms are
thinner. There may be a Òbuffalo
humpÓ in the back if the case is extreme, though most of the time this is not
present. There is often a bulge in
the belly. This is due to high
cortisol, which in turn causes high insulin, which deposits fat in the belly
area.
The
classic slow oxidizer has a pear-shaped body, especially later in life. This is due to sluggish thyroid gland
activity, which is more associated with fat deposition on the hips and
legs. The upper body is often
thinner.
However,
combinations of these two are very common, because people pass through various
stages of stress at different times of their lives. Also, one can be a mixed type, which also gives rise to
combinations of body shapes.
One
final note regarding body shapes is in order. The sympathetic dominant person often has a very angular
body. That is, there is little fat
deposition. This is basically
good, though if the sympathetic dominance persists, serious health problems
including heart disease, cancer and others develop in these individuals as
well.
This is seen in women, particularly, who are
what is called progesterone dominant.
Estrogen is responsible for fat deposition, especially in the hips and
breast areas. Women with low estrogen
tend to be more angular.
Women with higher estrogen levels tend to be
more curvy, fleshy and at times one calls them more voluptuous shaped.
Caution:
Beware of using body shape or other physical characteristics to assign a
metabolic type to anyone or to recommend a nutrition program. Many times you are viewing a person as
they were some years ago, in terms of their body chemistry. I tried this for several months and
found the hair mineral analysis did not correlate with my guesswork based on
symptoms and body characteristics.
I also found the hair test gave me more accurate
information than just using the symptoms or signs described above. I learned through the experience to
trust the hair tissue mineral analysis and began to get far better results with
patients.
True
fast oxidizers tend
to be anxious, irritable and aggressive if their oxidation rate is very
fast. Their blood sugar and blood
pressure tend to be on the high side of normal. They are often warm and sweat easily. They usually have oily skin, and a
tendency for frequent or loose bowel movements. They may gain weight in the area of the abdomen due to high
levels of cortisol and cortisone.
Temporary Fast Oxidizers or slow Oxidizers Under Stress. Most people whose hair analysis indicates fast oxidation,
however, are not true fast oxidizers.
Instead, they are what we call tired or temporary fast oxidizers, or slow oxidizers under
stress. Hair analysis indicators for this
condition are:
* A
sodium/potassium ratio less than about 2, OR at times when the ratio is greater
than about 10.
* A
hair calcium level greater than about 40 mg%, OR a magnesium level greater than
about 6 mg%.
* A
four-low-electrolyte pattern with calcium less than about 40 mg%, magnesium
less than about 6 mg%, sodium less than about 25 mg% and potassium less than
about 10 mg%.
* Higher
levels of toxic metals. These can
push someone into a faster oxidation than they would ordinarily be displaying
on the test.
Slow oxidizers often suffer from fatigue, sweet cravings and low blood sugar. As their oxidation rate slows further,
they often become apathetic and depressed.
Their blood pressure and blood sugar may be low unless
arteriosclerosis or diabetes have set in.
Their skin and hair are often dry, and their hair may become brittle or
thin.
Many experience constipation and other symptoms associated
with reduced adrenal and thyroid glandular activity. Slow oxidizers may gain weight on the hips and the legs due
to their metabolic imbalances.
Mixed oxidizers often display a mixture of symptoms of both fast and slow
oxidation. One may need to wait
until the mixed oxidation pattern resolves into slow or fast oxidation to gain
a clear picture of underlying metabolic patterns.
Mixed oxidizers tend either toward fast oxidation or toward
slow oxidation. This will
determine many of their symptoms.
Also some mixed oxidation is quite mild and simple to resolve. At times, however, it represents very
serious glandular imbalances that can take months or even years to unravel and
correct using our methods of balancing the body chemistry.
Symptomatic Programs. In the
case of mixed oxidation, however, at times we use symptoms to help assess
whether to give a fast or a slow oxidizer program to the patient.
For example, a patient may present with fatigue, depression,
constipation and copper toxicity and have a mixed oxidizer hair analysis. This patient most likely requires a
slow oxidizer supplement and dietary program.
If, in contrast, the patient complained of anxiety,
nervousness, muscle tension and anger, one might readily assume that although
the hair test indicates mixed oxidation this person requires a fast oxidizer
diet and nutrient program.
Fast
oxidizer diet. Dr. Watson found that fast oxidizers
require more fats and oils in their diet in order to feel their best. They burn their food quickly and their
caloric needs are greater.
Fats provide more calories and longer-lasting energy. In contrast, sugars burn too fast,
provide fewer calories and often further enhance the oxidation rate.
For this reason, fast oxidizers should avoid all sugars,
including most fruit and all juices.
Even complex carbohydrates are recommended only in small amounts.
True fast oxidizers require heavier, fattier foods such as
lamb and even beef in limited amounts if it is grass fed or naturally
raised. They may handle sour
cream, butter, eggs and other fatty foods well.
To lose weight, they may do well on an Atkins-style diet,
although I feel it is too restrictive except in extreme instances. But one
could try it for a limited period of time. We suggest, however, that one eat only the highest quality
animal fats, along with flax oil, fish oil, cod liver oil, olive oil and a
small amount of refined vegetable oils such as in blue corn chips are fine as
well. Some coconut oil, palm oil
and others are okay in moderation only.
For more information, see the Fast Oxidizer
Diet on this website.
Slow
Oxidizer Diet. Slow oxidizers require more protein and
less fat in their diets. Protein
with every meal is most important to maintain their blood sugar level and
support adequate adrenal and thyroid gland activity.
In fact, if there are blood sugar issues, as there often
are, then five meals a day with some protein and possibly a little fat as well
is an excellent regimen.
Animal protein of some kind is helpful for most slow
oxidizers to eat every day, as the bodies are depleted of many nutrients found
in meats. These include zinc,
alpha lipoic acid, sulfur-containing amino acids and L-carnitine. Meats also provide other less-known
nutrients the slow oxidizer requires.
Protein digestion is weak in slow oxidizers. As a result, many tend toward
vegetarian diets. However, this
slows or prevents their complete healing.
Instead, they require digestive enzymes to obtain all the nutrition from
their food. For much more
information about diet, see The Slow Oxidizer Diet
on this website.
BASIC SUPPLEMENTS FOR
FAST AND SLOW OXIDIZERS
Dr.
Watson and Dr. Eck found that fast oxidizers need more of nutrients such as
copper, zinc, choline, inositol, calcium and magnesium. They also do well on more of vitamins A
and D. Vitamins B-complex and C
are less beneficial and tend make fast oxidation worse in many cases.
Slow
oxidizers need more of the B-complex and vitamins C and E. They usually do not need much
copper. They do, however, need
zinc and most often calcium and magnesium.
Both types benefit from a digestive aid. We find that they both also need extra
chromium, selenium and perhaps even a general mineral supplement.
When
one combines the extensive research of Dr. Hans Selye, Dr. George Watson and Dr.
Paul Eck, one begins to develop a very clear picture of the physiology and
biochemistry of fast and slow oxidation.
By identifying these states quickly with a hair mineral
analysis, one knows at a glance how a person is responding to stress
biochemically. Then one can
recommend the correct foods, nutrients, lifestyle changes and detoxification
protocol to bring the body to balance and harmony. Balancing body chemistry in
this manner results in a significant increase in cellular energy
production. This allows healing to
occur at a greatly increased rate.
We always seek to move a person from a lower energy and less
optimum homeostatic state to a healthier state with higher energy. Slow oxidation, for example, is a lower
energy state than fast oxidation.
A balanced state, neither too fast nor too slow, is considered
optimum. It is a condition in
which the metabolism can speed up when needed, and yet at other times remain
peacefully at rest.
The specific chemistry of the oxidation types is discussed
in more detail on the Six-CD
Series on Nutritional Balancing offered on this website and in articles by
Dr. Paul Eck and myself. Another
source of information is Nutritional Balancing And Hair Mineral Analysis by Lawrence Wilson, MD. These materials are available by
calling 1-928-776-8288 and are described fully on this website. Click here for information about the nutritional balancing book
and here for information about compact
disc programs.
ZINC
LEVELS IN FAST AND SLOW OXIDATION
This is such an important difference in the fast and slow
oxidizers that it deserves a separate section to discuss it. The zinc level in a fast oxidation is
generally lower, about 14-15 mg% or 140-150 parts per million.
The zinc level in a slow oxidizer should be much higher,
about 17-19 mg% or 170-190 parts per million.
When these are not as they should be it is a powerful
indicator that the oxidation rate as it is revealed on the test is a temporary
or stress-induced pattern. For
example, a slow oxidizer with a very low zinc may be zinc-deficient. However, it may also mean the person
will change into a fast oxidizer on a nutritional balancing program.
Similarly, a fast oxidizer with an elevated zinc above about
15 mg% is most likely a slow oxidizer under stress. This is a common finding, and another hint that the person is
not really a ÒtrueÓ fast oxidizer, of which there are very few around, especially
among adults and older children today.
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